What must underground service entrance conductors be protected against?

Underground service entrance conductors must be protected against physical damage to ensure their integrity and the safety of the electrical installation. Physical damage can occur from external sources such as soil movement, heavy equipment operation, or even activities like landscaping that could potentially disturb the area where the conductors are buried. Proper protection methods may include using conduit or placing the conductors at a sufficient depth below ground level to mitigate the risk of accidental damage.

While electrical hazards, water damage, and thermal damage are important considerations in electrical installations, they are addressed through different means and codes. For example, water damage is managed by ensuring proper drainage and using appropriate materials. Electrical hazards relate to the design and installation of the overall system, ensuring it meets safety standards. Thermal damage is related to the ampacity of the conductors and their ability to handle load without overheating, which is addressed through sizing and insulation ratings. However, physical damage specific to underground installations is a primary concern for service entrance conductors, making this the most relevant protection requirement.