What is the primary function of grounding in an electrical service as per Article 230?

The primary function of grounding in an electrical service, as outlined in Article 230 of the National Electrical Code (NEC), is to provide a pathway for fault current. Grounding establishes a reference point for the electrical system and protects both people and equipment by ensuring that in the event of a fault, such as a short circuit, the electrical current has a safe route to the ground. This helps to reduce the risk of electric shock and minimizes the potential for equipment damage or fire.

In the context of electrical safety, grounding is critical because it helps to ensure that overcurrent protective devices—like circuit breakers or fuses—function properly by allowing them to detect fault currents more effectively. When a fault occurs, a well-connected grounding system allows sufficient current to flow, causing the protective devices to trip and disconnect the faulty circuit from the power source.

Grounding does not primarily enhance electric efficiency, regulate electrical load, or increase system capacity, as those functions are more related to the design and operation of electrical systems rather than safety features. The focus on providing a safe pathway for fault currents is what differentiates grounding from these other electrical functions.